What it usually turns out to be
The ZGM (central gateway module) keeps a master list of faults reported by the other control units. A repair-tips page (AutoExplain) prints 801C20 as "central fault memory full - no control unit fault". A reply on an F30-forum thread says a code cannot be cleared while its fault remains, and that because this one means the memory is full, every fault has to be found and cleared before the master memory will clear.
In the one thread read in full, the owner's battery died while driving, a low-voltage warning kept returning after a new battery was registered, and a reply suggested a parasitic drain behind the recurring code. The same owner had checked the wiring and replaced three sensors. That is one owner's account, not a pattern.
Sources disagree on what the code is for. The forum thread and the AutoExplain page read it as "central fault memory full", and AutoExplain lists battery voltage, an unregistered new battery, faults in other modules and wiring as the causes. One code library lists the same number as "recording of the measured data deactivated", and a second repair-tips page (techroute66) says to reprogram the ZGM. No thread read for this page shows a reprogrammed gateway fixing it.
From a documented source: Owner report on a forum, not a BMW document: Bimmerpost F30 forum, "Fault code 801C20 won't clear" (Dec 2025), https://f30.bimmerpost.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2221031. Repair-tips pages: AutoExplain, https://autoexplain.com/how-to-fix-bmw-801c20-fault-code/ (meaning and causes); techroute66, https://techroute66.com/bmw-801c20-fault-code (reprogramming advice, not read in full). Code library: DTClookup, https://www.dtclookup.com/bmw/801c20/ (different wording, not read in full)..
Seeing 801C20 on your car?
I come to the car, read the modules and trace the fault to the actual wire, connector or module.
Run a repair or body shop? BMW programming support for shops